deutsch_sprache

1. Were you already in Salzburg? This city, Salzburg the capital of the federal republic, has contributed much to the advancement of tourism in the last year.
2. The Salzburg Festival performances last year were a great success. Around 500,000 tourists visited the city.
3. After his eighth symphony Gustav Mahler composed "The Song of the Earth." It is a symphony for alto, tenor and large orchestra.
4. In 1980, AIDS (acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome) was discovered. Medical research in the 1990's has increased the life expectancy of AIDS patients considerably.
5. Man has already been seeking an effective method of treatment for years.
6. In the beginning of the 19th century, one heard repeatedly of the great German mystic Jacob Bohme. Besides the bible, Bohme had read only a few mystical writings with theo-philosophical and alchemical content.
7. With his translation of the bible, Luther rendered a great service to the German language.
8. A Turkish student in Germany wrote: "The word of the pater familias in a very devout Muslim family is a sort of law. The foreign surroundings of a new homeland, for example Germany, has not changed this law."
9. After the fall of the wall (1989)some considered Marx and Engels "Westerners" not without reason: Karl Marx had first studied in Bonn and completed "Capital" in London. Engels was born in Wuppertal to an entrepreneur family and had worked in Wuppertal and Manchester in his family's factory.
10. Together, marx and Engels authored "The Communist Manifesto" in 1848. Engels had already become acquainted with the scholar Marx in Paris in 1844.
11. After the Revolution of 1848, many German intellectuals emigrated to the the United States. Mark and Engels, however, moved to London.
12. The Norwegian polar researcher Roald Amundsen sacrificed his life for his Italian rival, Nobile during a search for Nobile's airplane. Amundsen disappeared in 1928 near Spitzberg.
13. Along with Nobile and Ellsworth, he himself had followed over the North Pole in 1926.
14. In his "Critique of Pure Reason" Kant examined the limits of all human knowledge and bestimmt? Knowledge of the self has here turned into the object of critique.
15. His important philosophical works were published in the next to last decade of the 18th century.
16. James Watt invented the first practical steam engine in 1765. The invention of the first steam engine made possible the mass production of industrial products.
17. The cityscape of Augsburg among other things gives the impression of the Renaissance period.
18. The favorable position on the trade route to Italy made Augsburg already in the 15th century an important commercial center.

The Beginning of Bertold Brecht

Augsburg is, among other things, the birthplace and home of Bertold Brecht.The beruhmte writer and director was born on Feb. 10, 1898 in this small Bavarian city and grew up in a middle-class neighborhood. His father worked as businessman and became director of a paper factory in 1914.From 1908, the young Brecht studied at the royal high school. He was not especially good in school but the pupil Brecht, aged 15, already had begun to write poetry. His first poems were published in the Augburger school magazine "The Harvest." In this period, he also wrote his first play; unfortunately, it was lost.

Brecht's stay in Augsburg was short and he soon moved to Munich after getting his diploma. In the Bavarian capital the young pacifist studied at the medical school and survived WWI. After the death of his mother in 1920, Brecht slowly severed his close connection with Augsburg.

In 1922 Brecht received the Kleist Prize for his pieces "Baal" "A Drum in the Night" and "In the Jungle of the City." In the first play, "Baal" he represents and satirizes a middle-class literary salon. Baal's language is characterized by vulgarity and violence. His admirers are comically grotesque. Women and men fall at his feet. Such an extreme frankness was shocking to the small middle-class audiences and also many critics in Munich. The Berlin critic Herbert Ihering defended Brecht's criticism of the time and sang his praises. With this important contact, his reputation as the greatest German dramatist of the 20th century began.

1. Bauhaus was originally a pedagogical workshop in Weimar.
2. In 1925, Bauhaus relocated to Dessau and a year later moved the schools for art, craft and technology to Berlin.
3. In article 20a of the Basic law of the Federal Republic, in 1994, the nation raised environmental protection to a civic goal.
4. The ongoing protection of air, water and land is naturally a primary prerequisite for healthy economic development.
5. Global environmental problems like, for example, climatic change, depletion of the ozone layer and the decline in biological species represent especially a task for the nation.
6. The architect Andreas Schuter almost single-handedly gave Prussian-Berliner baroque buildings their characteristic look.
7. The Great Elector (1620-1688)invited him to be court architect to fundamentally reconfigure Berlin.
8. The military storehouse illustrates the essential character of Prussian-Berliner style: one finds a sense of reality here together with ornate adornment.
9. In his edict of 1761, Friedrich von Verbot repealed the prohibition on Jewish immigration. In this era, many Jewish families came to Berlin.
10. Some time later, the Elector summoned the persecuted Calvinists from Frankfurt to Berlin.
11. Between 1820-1920 over six million Germans traveled to the new world.
12. A hundred thousand returned however also returned to their German homeland and spent their last days in Germany.
13. In 1895, Rontgen made public his great discovery. The announcement took place in his lab in Munich.
14. The Brothers Orville and Wilber Wright carried out the first motorized flight in 1903 with a home-made double-decker (plane).
15. In 1912 the English ship Titanic on its first trip from New York collided with an iceburg and sunk with 1500 people.
16. In his autobiography, the statesman described the influence of his education on his personal development. His description is relatively believable.
17. The old Romans divided the year into ten months. It began with the war-god Mars and counted down to the end with September up to December as the seventh through 10th months . The second Roman Caesar(?) finally added two additional months: January and February.
18. The good, famous works of Karl Freidrich Schinkel include many buildings such as museums, churches and schools. The current introduction about architecture and art depicts relatively unknown works.

Diorama Painting: The not-so-famous Schinkel

The name Karl Freidrich Schinkel is closely connected to the history of building in Berlin. His name is fundamentally associated with the classical style of Berlin architecture. The best examples of his architectural crafts are the New Gardenhouse (1816-8), the Actor's House in Gendarme Square (1818-21) and the museum at Pleasure Garden (1824-30). In these buildings, Schinkel brings together beauty and function, and the form, recently renovated but essentially preserved, presented to visitors to Berlin today is a good picture of Classical Berlin.

Few know Schinkel's sketches and realizations of panoramas and dioramas in the period of French occupation of Berlin (1806-8).

One sets up a panorama in a darkly lit room. A large-format, round painting surrounds the viewer. One views the painting from the middle of the room. A diorama adds a column or frame in addition between the painting and the position of the viewer. The result is a two vs. three-dimensional optical illusion. Three-dimensional objects (like a panoramic landscape of sand, stone, shrubs, etc), lighting effects and sometimes music increase the effect of the inter-dimensional play in the paintings.

Hardly 25 years old Schinkel began making panoramas and dioramas in 1806.. In 1807, he exhibited his first cycle of dioramas: the great buildings of Constantinople, Jerusalem and Egypt transport the viewer to a world of illusion. In the next 8 years he executed over 40 dioramas as the "Classical master Builder of Berlin), and the painted panorama of Palermo (5m x 30m) ranked among the most famous of Schinkel's panoramas in that period. When Freidrich Wilhelm III returned from exile to Berlin, Schinkel proudly presented him with a diorama.

1. During the depression of 1930, Germany had over 7 million unemployed workers.
2. Many relatives and acquaintances visited the sick woman in the hospital. No one knew, however, how sick she was.
3. The new study didn't yield important (results).
4. In a new book, one asks: Did Tolstoy distribute his great wealth among the poor out of Christian charity or not?
5. What is good in the book is not new and what is new is not good. (HA HA)
6. The same is true about many other books.
7. After the plane crash in the Brazilian jungle, there were found only dead and seriously injured people. The names of the injured appeared in the newspaper today.
8. Today is December 5th, your birthday. Your whole class wished you a happy birthday (everything good for you birthday), Professor.
9. The Frenchman Louis Braille invented a form of writing for the blind.
10. In the early middle ages some Germanic tribes moved into Austria.
11. Every school child knows that colorless light is a mixture of light waves of various lengths. One learns this fact from reading their science textbook.
12. In a study of copper, someone discovered some important things: copper is, along with gold, the only colored metal and along with silver is the best conductor for heat and electricity.
13. This is, of course, not new we have known this for a long time already.
14. The ancient Greeks already knew something similar in antiquity.
15. According to the protagonist of the novel probable and improbable differed only in frequency.
16. Edmund Burke, the great English statesman and orator, had two faces: The one Burke was a preserver of the old and the other was a reformer, a liberal.
17. Scientific development in the last decade was almost unbelievable. The general character of Berlin is today the result of these and other important developments.
18. In his first book about German literary history, there is detailed insight not only of Berlin but also of the Romantic city Jena.
19. Romanticism in the first half of the 19th century influenced almost ever aspect of cultural and intellectual life in Germany.
20. The literary genre of the letter had its golden age especially in the Romantic period.

Romanticism

Romanticism was a aestheto-literary movement in the literature of various European countries. In Germany it lasted from about 1790-1840. It is characterized by a revolt against rational thought and other sobriety. Feelings, fantasy, emotion and desire moved the Romantics. Their feelings carried them from reality into a happy past and far away lands.

The Romantics "discovered" the middle ages again and esteemed it as a unity of life and Christian values. These interests in the past drove the collection of folk songs, tales and fairy tales (like the Brothers Grimm). In fairy tales and literature fantasy combines with horror and reality. The mysterious and unfathomable, dream and night(mare?) infused (fascinated) the thought of the Romantic.

Romanticism had a strong influence on almost all spheres of culture and intellectual life. It influenced art, music, philosophy and other areas. The fine arts, among other things, Romantic painting, sought to find in the re-wakening of the middle aged world an ideal, harmonic world and represented the grandeur of nature in beautiful landscape paintings. Through music, the Romantics described natural emotions or feelings. Well-known names in music are Weber, Schubert and Mendelsshon. In society, Romantic subjectivity drove them toward new alternatives to traditional moral ties.

For the first time, in Romanticism, women played a large role in the intellectual life of German history. Above all else from letters of such gifted woman as Bettina von Arnin and Caroline Schlegel-Schelling, one learns many interesting things about Romanticism: such as about the private, daily-life events like reports about the literary salons.

1. The German Empire was long lived in name only.
2. The ruler of the kingdom is called a king. Louis XIV of France was named the Sun King.
3. The earth moves around the sun in one year. For three and a half centuries Galileo was considered a heretic by the Church because he explained that the earth moves around the sun, not the sun around the earth as was believed at that time.
4. In the newspaper for June 17, 2003, it says: "Fifty years ago the first popular uprising in the DDR began. There were at that time 100,000 people in the streets of Berlin. Today one does not often speak of this revolt."
5. The revolt began because of a situation with production and long work days occurred in the DDR. One worked long hours but one earned hardly enough money to live for his work.
6. In the study at that time, nobody asked about the situation or the opinion of workers in the city or farmers from the country.
7. A detailed report within a narrow range of the study was not possible.
8. Did anyone stand on the corner near the church and protest against the government? Does anyone know where is is? No. Nobody knows.
9. According to a new report the Federal Republic today shows a strong interest in medical research. For this reason the government is struggling for financing for new research centers. Someone from the government says: "This has always been important."
10. According to a famous French composer, in the music world today, one needs both perseverance and talent. For someone without perseverance talent is hardly enough.
11. Young Musicians often think much about genius and talent. For a talented musician there is always possibility but as one mas says, "Practice makes perfect."
12. The economic and political situation in the country is impossible. Therefore, some people think that a revolution is unavoidable.
13. After such a complete war, one needs both the good will of the winner and a lot of financing for reconstruction.
14. In the case of such socio-economic processes the cost for reconstruction of residences alone can amount in the millions of dollars.
15. According to the rules, the "Help organization" does not support children but rather is an organization for the disabled.
16. The Marshall Plan was a significant new beginning not only for Germany but also for Austria.
17. At that time, America was known as 'The land of unlimited possibilities."
18. Because of its position Austria has always been a strategically important country.

June 17, 1953

From June 16-21, 1953 strikes and demonstrations took place in almost 700 place in the DDR. The uprising started on June 17 with work stoppages and ended with Russian tanks.

In Stephen Heym's novel Five Days in June, striking began on June 16 in the VEB Merkur" factory with a consequential discussion between discontented workers and their "true to the party" colleague Teterow:

Then Kallmann said, "No one here is against the government, Co-worker Teterow, or the party. But co-workers do not understand how we are to put up with these increases in production norms...Every green grocer and every potato farmer gets a gift from the governmetn work agency, but not the mere worker."

"Leader," said Bartel, "can we send a today or not? What is there for a state worker?"

"Be careful!" Warned Wiesener. "Beware, Comrade! Perhaps Comrade Teterow knows very well that he does not want to speak for us with plant management. What if they call the secret police and our delegate is never seen again--when then?"

"Then now--STRIKE!"

"Let all the wheels be still," proclaimed Bartel, "if your strong arm want it to happen..."

Teterow was suddenly helpless. There is a strike, he thought, and I am guilty, I started with that strike, I wanted to warn them about it and now it turns against me, against us, against themselves.

"Comrades," he says, "this is yet..."

"Kallmann!"

"Kallmann our Delegate!"

Kallmann raised his hand in defense but he smiled.

"Striking is the weapon of the worker against its oppressor," Teterow said hoarsely. "We have done away with an oppressor."

"Kallmann is elected!"

A procession formed. At the front marched Weisener and he chanted in time, "Down with the norm, the norm, the norm. Down with the Norm, the norm, the norm."

Then he disappeared outside the factory building, his echo fell silent...

(Slightly altered excerpt from: "Stephen Heym Five Days in June: A Novel Chapter 25 "On this day, June 16, 1953 at 6:45." C. Bertelsmann Publishing: Munich. 1974. P. 168-86).

Germany

The Federal Republic of Germany lies in the heart of Europe. It is surrounded by nine neighboring nations: Denmark in the north, the Netherlands, Belguim, Luxemborg and France to the west, Switzerland and Austria to the south, and the Czech Republic and Poland in the east.

The land area of the FRG is approximately 357,000 km squared. The border of the FRG has a length totaling 3758 km. Germany' population is around 81 million. Italy has 58, UK 57 and France 56 million people. According to surface measures Germay is smaller that France with 544,000 and Spain 505,000 square km.

The Landscape

Germany has three large geographic regions: the north German lowlands, the German central mountain chain and the Alpine region. The north German lowlands is the continuation of the northern France lowlands. In the east they are the Eastern European Lowlands. The highest elevation attained there is a height of 200-300 m. In the N.German flatlands there are many lakes and swamps, sand and stone flats.

The landscape of the central mountain region is quite varied. In the German part we find many forests and hills. The highest elevation reaches a height of 1600m.

The Alps are in the southern region. The highest mountain is the Zugspite (2968m). In this region are numerous mountains, rivers and forests. Many tourists visit the Apls.

History

The language of the German people derives from the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family. Around the time of the birth of Christ, the Romans occupied a part of the region. The bavarians, Alemmani, Saxons and Frisian people tribes came during the course of great migrations between 13-1500 years ago into their current locations. The Franks settled further west.

We find the origin of the "German" states in the great, Frankish empire of Karl the Great (768-814). In 800, the Pope crowned Karl the great emperor in Rome. The golden age of the German middle ages falls in the period between 900-1250. Between 1438 and 1806, the Hapsburgs ruled as emperors of the HRE German Nation.

In the 18th century The rise of Prussia began and in these centuries the golden age of classical German literature also falls. After the victorious war against the Franks, Wilhelm I became the Prussian king and was the first emperor of the German Empire (1871). This Empire was a federal state. Now followed a significant political and economic rise, especially in industry. The notion of big cities emerged and Berlin became a metropolis. The standard of living for the German people increased. German scientific, technological and cultural achievements became known in the whole world.

The first half of the 20th century represents an especially dark period for Germany. After WWI (1914-1918) came a period of bloody revolutions. Germany became a republic in 1919. An economic depression and the inherent weakness of the Weimar Republic (with over 30 political parties aided Hilter rise to power in 1933. Hitler's national-socialistic politics eventually led to WW2 (1935-1945) and the Holocaust. The radical policies of national socialism led to a lethal system of concentration and death camps. In the camps at Auschwitz, Saxonhause and Buchenwald millions of Jews, Poles, and gypsies, homosexuals and political opponents died. In 1945, Germany experienced a total defeat. The country was in ruins. More than 20 million people were effected by the destruction of their homes.

Over the next 50 years Germany existed as 2 countries with two capitals: In the east was East Berlin as capital of the GDR (German Democratic Republic), and in the west was Bonn as capital of the Federal Republic of Germany. In 1990 politicians from the the east and west signed a unification agreement and on October 3, 1990, Germans celebrated unification. Shortly after unification, Berlin became again the capital of Germany. Since September 1, 1999, the parliament and the federal government have had their seats in the federal capital at Berlin.

1. The first book of Moses begins: “In the beginning created heaven and earth. And the earth was barren and empty, and it was dark in the deep; and the spirit of God hovered over the water. And God said: Let there be light! And it became light. And God saw that the light was good. Then God separated the light from the darkness and named the light “day” and the darkness “night.” From evening and morning came the first day.
2. Two cities—Magdeburg and Halle—were important centers in the middle ages. The latter was a salt-producing city, the former was an imperial and ecclesiastical city.
3. In 1990, Magdeburg became the capital of Saxony-Anhalt. Before 1989, Halle was the capital for the eastern cities.
4. In the neighboring city of Eisleben Martin Luther lived and died (1483-1546). He nailed his 95 Theses on the door of Wittenburg’s cathedral.
5. In Wittenburg, in the 16th century also, Cranach from a famous family of painters worked. His father created religious artworks such as “Silence and Flight” (1504).
6. In art of the Renaissance, the portrayal of humankind and its world moved to the foreground. The beauty of the human body became important.
7. The work of aerodynamics in the last decade of the 20th century confirmed several old theories but many did not withstand these tests.
8. The population of California rose in the last 20 years very rapidly. Such growth brought some complex social developments.
9. The solution to these problems is difficult but not impossible.
10. Several politicians speak of ‘A re-evaluation of values.” This sounds like Nietzsche.
11. Friedrich Nietzsche sensed the decline of humankind and advocated a new, vigorous and strong human race, “Supermen.” He spoke also of a “re-evaluation of values.”
12. The water of the river became muddy after the rain.
13. The flooding in several regions destroyed houses. Grain and corn fields stood under water.
14. The president proclaimed a state of emergency in the regions effected by flooding.
15. After each experiment the researcher wrote down the results in his notebook.
16. Einstein did not explain to the students all the details of his theory. Such details were simply too complex.
17. The Thirty Year’s War (1618-1648) began as a religious war between Protestants and Catholics but later became more and more a war for power and territorial gain.
18. The physicist Otto von Guericke was the mayor in Magdeburg and in 1663 demonstrated with his “Magdeburg hemispheric pump” the effects of air pressure.

The Archbishopric of Magdeburg

In 937, Kaider Otto I (936-973) organized a Benedictine monastery in Magdeburg. Already in 968 it became a city with an archbishopric and the archbishop of magdeburg oversaw five Catholic bishops. Magdeburg was also the favorite residence of otto and Otto the Great (the founder of the HRE)lies buried in Magdeburg cathedral.

In 1207 the original "ottonian" church burned down. Between 1209-1363 they built a new cathedral-the first Gothic structure in German territory--and completed the tower in 1520.

In the course of time the bishopric of Magdeburg received more and more small territories and in the later middle ages became a relatively large ecclesiastical principality. In 1513 the Hohenzollern Albrecht von Brandenburg became turned it into the Archbishopric of Magdeburg. His court in neighboring Halle was very expensive and the new archbishop soon experienced money-shortages. Albrecht sold letters of indulgence in Germany for the Pope. Criticism of this practice lead to the Reformation.

Teh the time of the Reformation there were social and religious struggles. The Peasant's War was especially brutal. In 1541 Albrecht left Halle and Magdeburg. In 1561 Magdeburg cathedral became Anglican. Thus ended the long development of of the religious principality in the region. But this was not the end of religious struggles in Magdeburg.

The Thirty Years War brought great unrest to Magdeburg and uncounted dead. On May 20, 1631 General Tilly and his imperial troops occupied Magdeburg and burned the city. 20,000 people died. The "Wailing of magdeburg" became a symbol of suffering in the Thirty Years War.

1. "An indicator of degree of civilization of a people is the social status of women" (Domingo F. Sarmiento, 1811-1888; Argentine).
2. Universal suffrage for women in the US began in with the 19th Amendment.
3. The third paragraph contains an obvious contradiction. It states: "Mankind does not see its own errors, nor the errors of other men."
4. "Mankind is, was and will be, " said Ludwig Feuerbach, a German materialist from the 19th century.
5. My article describes our new experimental results and their significance for AIDS research.
6. Your co-worker at the research center confirmed my results.
7. He and his co-worker are researching the reaction of T-cells.
8. The Talmud contains teachings and laws for Jewish religious service, the rules for the lifestyle of the Jewish people and historical, geographical and mathematical teachings.
9. Madam Doctor, would you like to begin your lecture? I am not holding a lecture today.
10. Today I am writing my father and mother a long letter and describing my trip to Africa.
11. In present day Africa, there are many relatively new nations, for example, Zimbabwe, Namibia or Botswana.
12. The book contains a short history of African tribes.
13. We are changing our world not only through our activities, but also through out inactivity.
14. Over 1000 mL of precipitation falls in the mountains (The amount of precipitation in the mountains comes to over 100 mL). The first snow of the winter falls there.
15.His work discusses research on the biology of the cuckoo in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The young cuckoo throws the eggs of his foster parents out from their nest. They feed their adoptive children until he flies from the nest.
16. The speed of sound in the air amounts to 333 meters/sec. The speed beyond sound is five times as fast.
17. Sun, water and sand are all types of clocks.
18. Germany in WWI had more than 30 political parties.
19. In all of the country there is freedom of speech; in a democracy freedom of speech is the first freedom.
20. WW2 had its beginning with the invasion of Poland by German troops on September 1, 1939.

A Short History of German Universities
Some German universities are very old. Kaiser Karl IV founded the first German university in 1348 in Prague. Today, of course, Prague is not in Germany but in the Czech Republic. The second-oldest German university in in Vienna (1365), and is also not in Germany at present. The oldest German college is the University of Heidelberg (1386). Nearly as old in Koln University (1388). Several other universities are approaching their 600-year birthdays, for example the Universities of Leipzig (1409) and Rostock (1419). There are also several fairly young universities, around 20 having their origins after 1960. The Otto von Guericke University in Madenburg was founded in 1993 and belongs to the youngest universities in Germany.

The Federal Republic has nearly 1.9 million students at more than 350 universities, polytechnic universities, technical colleges and other advanced technical schools, such as music colleges and teacher's colleges. The look of the student body is today different from the first years of the Federal Republic. Some examples: In the winter semester of 1952/3 four percent of first-year students came from working-class families. In 1953, one-fifth of the students were women. Fifty years later in the winter semester of 2003 the number of female students in fifty percent. Close to 224,000 foreigners were students in German colleges in 2003.

1. We live in the 21st century. A century is a span of 100 years.
2. The length of a leap year is 366 days.
3. Why didn't you answer the question? I had no time and no good answer.
4. Brecht explained the well-known V-Effect (alienation effect) in 1929. "V" signifies "alienation."
5. The actor plays a role, but he doesn't necessarily (certainly) identify with the role.
6. The revolution of epic theater changed the German stage.
7. The V-effect is used for alienation of the spectators.
8. Volkwagon influenced the history of the 20th century.
9. The economic impact of the invention was significant.
10. An American confirmed the splitting of Plutonium. He said, "We are indebted to researchers at the institute for the splitting of Plutonium."
11. The experiment caused the researchers great difficulty.
12. Fredrick the Great said, "The ruler is the first servant of the state."
13. The ruler lived in a time of unrest.
14. The first part of the book covers the First World War.
15. WWI lasted about four years.
16. The Romans occupied (controlled) many parts of Europe. Some (people) find the influence of Rome everywhere.
17. Modern art is unintelligible to most men.
18. What is the main function of a docent in a museum? He helps the public.
19. The ideas of Plato influenced much of philosophy for centuries following.
20. Political parties in a parliamentary monarchy make decisions in all government business, and the monarch is the representative of the nation.
21. A salesperson in a bookstore sells books.
22. What kind of books do you sell? I sell books about Art History and Theater(science).
23. How much does the book cost? It is cheap, it costs only ten euro.

The Life of Galileo: A Play in 15 Acts by Bertold Brecht

Act One: Galileo Galilei, teacher of mathematics at Padua, wants to prove the new Copernican understanding of the world.
Act Two: Galileo hands over his new findings to the Venetian Republic.
Act Three: January 10, 1610: Using a telescope, Galileo discovers occurrences in the heavens which prove the Copernican system. Warned by his friend about the possible consequences of his findings, Galileo declares his belief in human reason.
Act Four: Galileo trades the Venetian Republic for the Florentine court. His discoveries using the telescope run into disbelief among the learned circles there.
Act Five: Not even scarred off by the plague, Galileo continues his research.
Act Six: 1616: The Collegium of Rome, research institute for the Vatican, confirms Galileo’s discoveries.
Act Seven: But, the Inquisition puts Copernican teaching on the forbidden list (March 5, 1616).
Act Eight: A conversation.
Act Nine: After eight years of silence, Galileo is encouraged by other scientists as a result of the crowning of a new Pope to take up again his studies in the forbidden field.
Act Ten: In the following ten years, Galilean teaching finds acceptance among the people.
Act 11: 1633: The Inquisition orders the world-famous researcher to Rome.
Act 12: The Pope.
Act 13: Galileo Galilei recants his teachings on the movements of the earth in front of the Inquisition on June 22, 1633.
Act 14: 1633-1642: Galileo galilei lives in a country house close to Florence as a prisoner of the Inquisition until his death. (He writes) the "Discourses."
Act 15: 1637: Galileo's book "Discourses" crosses over the Italian border.

1. A year has 12 months, 52 weeks and 365 days.
2. How much money do you have, Hans? I have little money but I work a great deal. We all work a lot.
3. The man Someone says, “Work makes life sweet.”
4. Germany has very good universities. I am thinking about the Free University in Berlin, for example, or the Technical college in Darmstadt.
5. Some students study German. Hanna studies Spanish and she learns very rapidly. What do you study? Do you study English, Spanish or German.
6. I study Economics and Geography. I find money and the earth interesting and also important.
7. Gold and silver today have a high value.
8.The equator has a length of 40,070 kilometers. Ecuador lies directly on the equator in South South America.
9. Canada has many high mountains and beautiful lakes. The water in the lakes is cold and clear.
10.We observe now a concrete example. Open the book!
11. Do you know the book? No, I do not know the book.
12. Karl, do you know the man? Yes, I know that man, his name is Klaus Schumann.
13. What is your name? My name is also Schumann, Marlena Schumann. Who are you?
14. The historian now is investigating an important question.He is searching for new information.
15.Mankind is changing the environment, and the environment changes mankind.
16. A bus transports 40 people and needs 20 liters for 100 km. That is 20:40 or .5 liters per person. Is this means of transportation good for the environment.
17. The Swedish Academy in Stockholm selects he Nobel prize-winners.
18. The Nobel prize-winner for medicine and physics in 1995 was a German, Professor Christiane Nusslein-Volhard.
19. Nusslein-Volhard is director of the Max-Planck Institute for Developmental Biology in Tubigen.
20. All European states use the metric system.
21. A liter of water at 4 degrees C weighs a kg.
22. The United States (the USA) rarely uses the metric system.

Paragraph reading from 5th edition:

Johann Sebastian Bach: His Music and his Family

JSB is especially famous for his fugues and cantatas. The musician and composer was born in 1685 in Eisenach in Thuringen. His father, Ambrose Bach, was a court musician. Ambrose and his wife Elizabeth Bach had a large family. Johann was the eighth child.

Bach’s childhood was hard: his mother died in 1695.Six months later his father also died. Johann Sebastian lived with his brother Christian. Christian played the organ in church. JS studied at LAtin school for five years and learned old languages, logic, mathematics, rhetoric, theology and music. In 1700, Bach walked 300 kilometers on foot to Luneburg and worked two years as a chorister. In 1702, he had his first place as organist.

In October 1707, Bach married his cousin Maria Barbara. Bach was became music director at the court of the duke of Sachs Weimar. In Weimar, he wrote organ music and cantatas as a young composer. Ten years later Bach became concert master at the court of the prince of Anhalt-Kothen. In Kothen he composed the Brandenburg concertos and the Little Organ Book.

Maria Barbara Bach died in the summer of 1720.A year later, in December 1721, Johann married a young singer, Anna Magdalena Wilcken. Bach and his second wife had 13 children. Unfortunately, six of the children died young. Four of Bach’s sons later became Musicians and Composers.

In 1723, Bach became Choirmaster in Leipzig. There he composed his great religious works: the Johannes and Matthaupsasion, the Christmas and Easter Oratoriums. In Leipzig Bach also wrote his great mass in b-minor and almost 300 cantatas. Bach died on July 28, 1750 at the age of 65. Today, Bach’s music is played in concert halls throughout the world.